Character spacing Word spacing Horizontal scaling Leading Text font Text font size Text rendering mode Text rise Text knockout

Except for the self-explanatory Tf and Tfs , these parameters are discussed further in the following sections (As described in Section 53, Text Objects, three additional text-related parameters are de ned only within a text object: Tm , the text matrix; Tlm , the text line matrix; and Trm , the text rendering matrix) The values of the text state parameters are consulted when text is positioned and shown (using the operators described in Sections 531, Text-Positioning Operators, and 532, Text-Showing Operators ) In particular, the spacing and scaling parameters participate in a computation described in Section 533, Text Space Details The text state parameters can be set using the operators listed in Table 52 Note: The text knockout parameter, Tk , is set via the TK entry in a graphics state parameter dictionary, using the gs operator (see Section 434, Graphics State Parameter Dictionaries ) There is no speci c operator for setting this parameter The text state operators can appear outside text objects, and the values they set are retained across text objects in a single content stream Like other graphics state parameters, these parameters are initialized to their default values at the beginning of each page

Set the character spacing, Tc , to charSpace, which is a number expressed in unscaled text space units Character spacing is used by the Tj, TJ, and ' operators Initial value: 0 Set the word spacing, Tw , to wordSpace, which is a number expressed in unscaled text space units Word spacing is used by the Tj, TJ, and ' operators Initial value: 0 Set the horizontal scaling, Th , to (scale 100) scale is a number specifying the percentage of the normal width Initial value: 100 (normal width) Set the text leading, Tl , to leading, which is a number expressed in unscaled text space units Text leading is used only by the T*, ', and " operators Initial value: 0 Set the text font, Tf , to font and the text font size, Tfs , to size font is the name of a font resource in the Font subdictionary of the current resource dictionary; size is a number representing a scale factor There is no initial value for either font or size; they must be speci ed explicitly using Tf before any text is shown Set the text rendering mode, Tmode , to render, which is an integer Initial value: 0 Set the text rise, Trise , to rise, which is a number expressed in unscaled text space units Initial value: 0

Note that some of these parameters are expressed in unscaled text space units This means that they are speci ed in a coordinate system that is de ned by the text matrix, Tm , but is not scaled by the font size parameter, Tfs

The character spacing parameter, Tc , is a number speci ed in unscaled text space units (although it is subject to scaling by the Th parameter if the writing mode is horizontal) When the glyph for each character in the string is rendered, Tc is added to the horizontal or vertical component of the glyph s displacement, depending on the writing mode (See Section 513, Glyph Positioning and Metrics, for a discussion of glyph displacements) In the default coordinate system, horizontal coordinates increase from left to right and vertical coordinates from bottom to top So for horizontal writing, a positive value of Tc has the effect

of expanding the distance between glyphs (see Figure 56), whereas for vertical writing, a negative value of Tc has this effect

Tc = 0 (default)