The screen-oriented XML is very plain To turn it into HTML we use a second-stage XSLT program
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<xsl:template match="screen"> <HTML><BODY bgcolor="white"> <xsl:apply-templates/> </BODY></HTML> </xsl:template>
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<xsl:template match="title"> <h1><xsl:apply-templates/></h1> </xsl:template><xsl:template match="field"> <P><B><xsl:value-of select = "@label"/>: </B><xsl:apply-templates/></P> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="table"> <table><xsl:apply-templates/></table> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="table/row"> <xsl:variable name="bgcolor"> <xsl:choose> <xsl:when test="(position() mod 2) = 1">linen</xsl:when> <xsl:otherwise>white</xsl:otherwise> </xsl:choose> </xsl:variable> <tr bgcolor="{$bgcolor}"><xsl:apply-templates/></tr> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="table/row/cell"> <td><xsl:apply-templates/></td> </xsl:template>
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In assembling the two stages, I used Front Controller (344) to help separate the code that does the work
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class AlbumCommand public void process() { try { Album album = AlbumfindNamed(requestgetParameter("name")); album = AlbumfindNamed("1234"); AssertnotNull(album); PrintWriter out = responsegetWriter(); XsltProcessor processor = new TwoStepXsltProcessor("album2xsl", "secondxsl"); outprint(processorgetTransformation(albumtoXmlDocument())); } catch (Exception e) { throw new ApplicationException(e); } }
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It's useful to compare this to the single-stage approach in Transform View (361) If you want to change the colors of the alternating rows, Transform View (361) requires editing every XSLT program, but with Two Step View only the single second-stage XSLT program needs to be changed It might be possible to use callable templates to do something similar, but this needs a fair bit of XSLT gymnastics to pull off The down side of Two Step View is that the final HTML is very much constrained by the screen-oriented XML
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Example: JSP and Custom Tags (Java)
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Although the XSLT route is conceptually the easiest way to think about implementing Two Step View, plenty of other ways exist For this example I'll use JSPs and custom tags Although they're both more awkward and less powerful than XSLT, they do show how the pattern can manifest itself in different ways I'm being a bit cheeky with this example, for I haven't seen this done in the field But I feel a somewhat speculative example will give you an idea of what might be possible
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The key rule of Two Step View is that choosing what to display and choosing the HTML that displays it are totally separate For this example my first stage is handled by a JSP page and its helper; my second stage, by a set of custom tags The interesting part of the first stage is the JSP page
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<%@ taglib uri="2steptld" prefix = "2step" %> <%@ page session="false"%> <jsp:useBean id="helper" class="actionControllerAlbumConHelper"/>
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<%helperinit(request, response);%> <2step:screen> <2step:title><jsp:getProperty name = "helper" property = "title"/></2step:title> <2step:field label = "Artist"><jsp:getProperty name = "helper" property = "artist"/></ 2step:field> <2step:table host = "helper" collection = "trackList" columns = "title, time"/> </2step:screen>
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I'm using Page Controller (333) for the JSP page with a helper object you can flick over to Page Controller (333) to read more about that The important thing here is to look at the tags that are part of the 2step namespace They are the ones I'm using to invoke the second stage Also notice that there is no HTML on the JSP page; the only tags present are either second-stage tags or bean manipulation tags to get values out of the helper
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Each second-stage tag has an implementation to pump out the necessary HTML for that logical screen element The simplest of these is the title
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class TitleTag public int doStartTag() throws JspException { try { pageContextgetOut()print("<H1>"); } catch (IOException e) { throw new JspException("unable to print start"); } return EVAL_BODY_INCLUDE; } public int doEndTag() throws JspException { try { pageContextgetOut()print("</H1>"); } catch (IOException e) { throw new JspException("unable to print end"); } return EVAL_PAGE; }
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For those that haven't indulged, a custom tag works by implementing hook methods called at the beginning and the end of the tagged text This tag simply wraps its body content with an <H1> tag A more complex tag, such as the field, can take an attribute The attribute is tied into the tag class using a setting method
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class FieldTag private String label; public void setLabel(String label) { thislabel = label; }
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